Plur gen

vīs, vis, f., plur. vīres, ĭum (class. only in nom., acc. and abl. sing. and in plur.; gen. sing. very rare; Tac. Or. 26; Dig. 4, 2, 1; Paul. Sent. 5, 30; dat. sing. vi, Auct. B. Afr. 69, 2; C. I. L. 5, 837; collat. form of the nom. and acc. plur. vis, Lucr. 3, 265; 2, 586; Sall. ap. Prisc. p. 707, or H. 3, 62 Dietsch; Messala ap. Macr. S. 1, 9, 14) [Gr. is, Wis, sinew, force; iphi, with might], strength, physical or mental; force, vigor, power, energy, virtue (cf. robur).

Lit.

In gen.

Sing.:

celeritas et vis equorum,

Cic. Div. 1, 70, 144:

magna vis eorum (urorum) et magna velocitas,

Caes. B. G. 6, 28:

contra vim atque impetum fluminis,

id. ib. 4, 17:

tempestatis,

id. B. C. 2, 14:

venti,

Lucr. 1, 271:

solis,

id. 4, 326 (301):

horrida teli,

id. 3, 170:

acris vini,

id. 3, 476:

ferri aerisque,

id. 5, 1286:

veneni,

Cic. Cael. 24, 58 et saep.—

Plur. (most freq. of physical strength):

non viribus aut velocitatibus aut celeritate corporum res magnae geruntur,

Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

nec nunc vires desidero adulescentis, non plus quam adulescens tauri aut elephanti desiderabam,

id. ib. 9, 27:

hoc ali vires nervosque confirmari putant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

me jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,

id. ib. 7, 50 fin.:

perpauci viribus confisi transnatare contenderunt,

id. ib. 1, 53:

nostri integris viribus fortiter repugnare,

id. ib. 3, 4:

lacertis et viribus pugnare,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

omnibus viribus atque opibus repugnare,

id. Tusc. 3, 11, 25:

non animi solum vigore sed etiam corporis viribus excellens,

Liv. 9, 16, 12:

validis viribus hastam contorquere,

Verg. A. 2, 50:

quicquid agas, decet agere pro viribus,

with all your might, Cic. Sen. 9, 27; so,

supra vires,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22:

et neglecta solent incendia sumere vires,

id. ib. 1, 18, 85:

seu virium vi seu exercitatione multā cibi vinique capacissimus,

Liv. 9, 16, 13; cf.:

in proelii concursu abit res a Consilio ad vires vimque pugnantium,

Nep. Thras. 1, 4 dub. (Siebel. vires usumque).— Poet., with inf.:

nec mihi sunt vires inimicos pellere tectis,

Ov. H. 1, 109.—

In partic.

Energy, virtue, potency (of herbs, drugs, etc.):

in radices vires oleae abibunt,

Cato, R. R. 61, 1:

vires habet herba?

Ov. M. 13, 942:

egregius fons Viribus occultis adjuvat,

Juv. 12, 42. —

Vis, personified, the same as Juno, Aus. Idyll. de Deis; cf. Verg. A. 7, 432 Serv. —

Hostile strength, force, violence, = bia: EA POENA, QVAE EST DE VI, S. C. ap. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

cum vi vis illata defenditur,

Cic. Mil. 4, 9; cf.:

celeri rumore dilato Dioni vim allatam,

Nep. Dion, 10, 1:

ne vim facias ullam in illam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 37:

sine vi facere,

id. ib. 4, 7, 20:

vim afferre alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; 2, 4, 66, § 148:

adhibere,

id. Off. 3, 30, 110; id. Cat. 1, 8, 19:

praesidio tam valido et armato vim adferre,

Liv. 9, 16, 4:

iter per vim tentare,

by force, forcibly, Caes. B. G. 1, 14; so,

per vim,

id. B. C. 2, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4:

ne id quidem satis est, nisi docet, ita se possedisse nec vi nec clam nec precario possederit,

id. Caecin. 32, 92; so the jurid. formula in Lex Thoria ap. Grut. 202, 18; Dig. 41, 1, 22; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

vis haec quidem hercle est, et trahi et trudi simul,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 20:

naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam (shortly afterwards: tantas tempestates Oceani tantosque impetus ventorum sustineri),

violence, shock, Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

caeli,

a storm, tempest, Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278.—To avoid the gen. form (v. supra):

de vi condemnati sunt,

Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4: de vi reus; id. Sest. 35, 75; id. Vatin. 17, 41:

ei qui de vi itemque ei qui majestatis damnatus sit,

id. Phil. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 21 sq. Halm ad loc.; Tac. A. 4, 13.—

In mal. part., force, violence: pudicitiam cum eriperet militi tribunus militaris... interfectus ab eo est, cui vim adferebat, Cic. Mil. 4, 9:

matribus familias vim attulisse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62:

vis allata sorori,

Ov. A. A. 1, 679:

victa nitore dei vim passa est,

id. M. 4, 233:

vim passa est Phoebe,

id. A. A. 1, 679.—

Transf., concr.

Quantity, number, abundance (cf.: copia, multitudo); with gen.:

quasi retruderet hominum me vis invitum,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 66:

innumerabilis servorum,

Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22:

in pompā cum magna vis auri argentique ferretur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91:

vis magna pulveris,

Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

vis maxima ranunculorum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

argenti,

id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4:

vim lacrimarum profudi,

id. Rep. 6, 14, 14:

odora canum vis,

Verg. A. 4, 132; cf. absol.:

et nescio quomodo is, qui auctoritatem minimam habet, maximam vim, populus cum illis facit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 44.—

Vires, military forces, troops:

praeesse exercitui, ut praeter auctoritatem vires quoque ad coërcendum haberet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

satis virium ad certamen,

Liv. 3, 60, 4:

undique contractis viribus signa cum Papirio conferre,

id. 9, 13, 12:

robur omne virium ejus regni,

the flower, id. 33, 4, 4:

concitet et vires Graecia magna suas,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 340.—

Vires, the virile forces or organs, Arn. 5, 158; 5, 163; Inscr. Orell. 2322; 2332:

veluti castratis viribus,

Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 60; cf.:

vis (= vires) multas possidere in se,

Lucr. 2, 586.—Rarely sing.:

vis genitalis,

Tac. A. 6, 18.—

Trop.

Mental strength, power, force, vigor:

vis illa divina et virtus oratoris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 120:

vis ac facultas oratoris,

id. ib. 1, 31, 142:

suavitatem Isocrates... sonitum Aeschines, vim Demosthenes habuit,

id. ib. 3, 7, 28:

summa ingenii,

id. Phil. 5, 18, 49:

magna vis est conscientiae in utramque partem,

id. Mil. 23, 61:

magna vis est in fortunā in utramque partem,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

patriae,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 196:

quod ostentum habuit hanc vim, ut, etc.,

power, effect, id. Div. 1, 33, 73:

qui indignitate suā vim ac jus magistratui quem gerebat dempsisset,

Liv. 26, 12, 8:

hujus conventionis,

Dig. 43, 25, 12.— Plur. (post-Aug.):

eloquentiae,

Quint. 5, 1, 2:

facilitatis,

id. 12, 9, 20:

ingenii,

id. 1, 2, 23; 12, 1, 32:

orationis,

id. 8, 3, 87.—

Transf., of abstr. things, force, notion, meaning, sense, import, nature, essence (cf. significatio):

id, in quo est omnis vis amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

eloquentiae vis et natura,

id. Or. 31, 112:

vis honesti (with natura),

id. Off. 1, 6, 18; cf. id. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

virtutis,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 5:

quae est alia vis legis?

id. Dom. 20, 53:

vis, natura, genera verborum et simplicium et copulatorum,

i.e. the sense, signification, id. Or. 32, 115:

vis verbi,

id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; id. Balb. 8, 21:

quae vis insit in his paucis verbis, si attendes, si attendes, intelleges,

id. Fam. 6, 2, 3:

quae vis subjecta sit vocibus,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

nominis,

id. Top. 8, 35: metônumia, cujus vis est, pro eo, quod dicitur, causam, propter quam dicitur, ponere, Quint. 8, 6, 23.

(neut. plur. gen) The cattle OF THESE (monsters) were fat.

(masc. plur. gen.) The horses OF THESE (soldiers) are spent.

(masc. plur. gen.) The horses OF THOSE (soldiers) are spent.

(neut. plur. gen) The cattle OF THESE (monsters) were fat.

* * *

f. age, etc., see ævi.

* * *

f., indecl. and without plur., gen. ævar, N. G. L. ii, is quite exceptional: [Ulf. aiws = αἰών; O. H. G. ewa; Gr. αἰών; Lat. aevum]:—an age, era, and esp. a life-time; hann var konungr yfir Noregi langa æfi, a long time, Fms. i. 1; hann leitaði langa æfi við at drepa hann, Rb. 382; lengi æfi, for a long time, Rd. 291; hélzk þat allt um hans æfi, Eg. 268; þau tíðendi er görðusk um æfi Ólafs konungs ens helga, Ó. H. (pref.); Þorgnýr faðir minn var með Birni konungi langa æfi … stóð um Bjarnar æfi ( reign) hans ríki með miklum styrk, 68; á síðasta vetri konungs ævar, N. G. L. ii; á öndurði æfi e-s, Ver. 71; lauk svá hans æfi, Róm. 156; lengi ævi minnar, Fas. i. 542; inn fyrra hluta æfi sinnar, Fs. 3, Fær. 16; alla æfi síðan, Nj. 246; þá er upp leið á æfi Gyðinga … þessa heims ævi, Rb. 392; segðu oss æfi vára ok langlífi, Landn. (Hb.) 77; vil ek at þú segir nökkut frá æfi þinni, Fb. i. 134; ennar fornu æfi, in the old era, Hom. 140; inni fornu æfi, Ver. 59; í inni nýju æfi, in the new era, id.; ef sú æfi stendr nökkura stund, Sks. 347; enginn veit sína æfi fyrr en öll er, a saying, Vídal. ii. 143: the allit. phrase, um aldr ok æfi, for ever and ever, N. G. L. i. 41, and in mod. usage; also, aldr ok um æfi, D. N. iii. 34, 35.

2. a life, story, = æfi-saga; æfi Noregs konunga, Orkn. 86, Fms. xi. 179, 206, 343, Ó. H. (pref.); at hans sögu er skrifuð æfi allra lögsögumanna á bók þessi, Íb. 16; fyrir útan ættar-tölu ok konunga-æfi, 1; ríta hefi ek látið frá upphafi æfi konunga þeirra er …, Ó. H. (pref.)

* * *

* * *

(fem. plur. gen.) The city wall had four OF THESE (gates).

(fem. plur. gen.) The city wall had four OF THOSE (gates).

(gen. jós; pl. jóar, acc. jóa and jói, dat. jóm), m. poet. stallion, steed.

* * *

m., gen. jós, Ls. 13; dat. jó, Hm. 89; acc. jó, Hkv. 2. 47, Skm. 15, Kormak: plur. jóar, dat. jóm, Gm. 30, Hðm. 3; acc. plur. jóa, Hkv. 2. 38, but jói, 39; gen. plur. jóa, Gm. 43: [O. H. G. and Hel. ehu; in Goth. prob. aihvus; but as the Acts, Apocalypse, and Epistle of St. James are lost in the version of Ulf., we do not know the exact Goth. word for a horse: the Gr. ιππος (ικκος) and Lat. equus represent the uncontracted, the Teut. ehu, eô- (jó-r) the contracted form]:—a stallion, but only used in poetry; in mod. poets the r is wrongly kept as radical in plur. jórar, dat. plur. jórum: poët. also, borð-jór, siglu-jór, ‘board-steed,’ ‘sail-steed,’ = a ship.

(gen. manns, pl. menn, with the art. menninir), m.

1) man (irrespective of sex), human being (guð skapaði síðarst menn tvá, er ættir eru frá komnar);

sýndi maðr manni, one showed it to another, it went from from hand to hand;

fjöldi manns, a great number of people;

múgr manns, crowd of people;

2) degree in kinship;

vera at þriðja, fjórða, fimta manni, to be related in the third, fourth, fifth degree;

hann var manni firr en systrungr Bárðar, he was the son of a cousin of B.;

3) man, opp. to kona( síðan fór hann til manna sinna).

* * *

m., qs. mann-r, which form also occurs in old poets, engi mannr und ranni, Vellekla, (for the change of nn before r into ð see the introduction to letter N); gen. manns, dat. manni, acc. mann, plur. menn, qs. menn-r; with the article, menninir, so always in old writers, but in mod. mennirnir erroneously, as if from mennir: the plur. meðr, answering to the sing. maðr, occurs in old poets—meðr vituð öðling æðra, Fms. vii. 87 (in a verse); Norð-meðr róa naðri, vi. 309 (in a verse); meðr fengu mikit veðr, Edda 102; hirð-meðr, veðja, Rekst., all verses of the 11th and 12th centuries; er meðr Myrkvið kalla, Akv. 5: meðr hlutu sár, Fbr. 75 new Ed. (in a verse): gen. pl. manna, dat. mönnum, acc. menn. In Ballads and Rímur after the 15th century, and hence in eccl. writers of later times, a nom. mann is now and then used, esp. in compds influenced by Germ. and Engl., e. g. hreysti-mann, Skíða R. 58; or for the sake of rhyme, ætla þú ekki, aumr mann | af komast muni strafflaust hann, Pass. 14. 17: [Ulf. manna = ἄνθρωπος; in other Teut. languages spelt man, or better mann.]

B. A man = Lat. homo, Gr. ἄνθρωπος, also people; eigi vil ek segja frá manninum þvíat mér er maðrinn skyldr, þat er frá manni at segja, at maðr er vel auðigr at fé, Nj. 51; mennskr maðr, a manlike man, a human being, opp. to giants or beings of superhuman strength, Gm. 31; menn eru hér komnir ef menn skal kalla, en líkari eru þeir þursum at vexti ok sýn en mennskum mönnum, Eg. 110; flýjum nú! ekki er við menn um at eiga, Nj. 97; þat hafa gamlir menn mælt, at þess manns mundi hefnt verða ef hann félli á grúfu, Eg. 107; þeir ungu menn ( the young people) elskask sín í millum, Mar.; þótt nökkut væri þústr á með enum yngrum mönnum, Ld. 200; fjöldi manns, múgr manns, Fms. ii. 45, 234, xi. 245; þykkir mönnum nökkur várkunn til þess, 192; var þat margra manna mál, at …, Eg. 537, Fms. i. 45; er þat íllt manni? Eg. 604; sá maðr, that person, K. Þ. K. 4; manna beztr, fríðastr …, the best, fairest … of men, passim; allra manna bezt, beyond all men, best of all men, Bs. i. 67; kona var enn þriði maðr, Hkr. iii. 184; hvárr þeirra manna, each of the wedded fair, Grág. i. 476; góðir menn, good men! in addressing, passim: allit., Guði ok góðum mönnum, to God and all good men, Bs. i. 68: sayings, maðr skal eptir mann lifa, man shall live after man (as a consolation), Eg. 322: maðr er manns gaman, man is man’s comfort, Hm. 46; whence huggun er manni mönnum at, Pass. 2. 10: maðr eptir mann, man after man, in succession; or, maðr af manni, man after man, in turn: sýndi maðr manni, man shewed it to man, it went round from hand to hand, Fms. vi. 216; nú segir maðr manni þessi fagnaðar-tíðendi, Bs. i. 181, Þiðr. 142; kunni þat maðr manni at segja at Bróðir felldi Brján, Nj. 275.

2. phrases, þat veit menn (the verb in sing., the noun in plur.), every one knows that! to be sure! Art. 31, 62, Karl. 48; meðr of veit, Sighvat: mod. viti menn! with a notion of irony; thus also menn segja, men say, (in old poët. usage elliptically, kveða = Lat. dicunt, Vþm. 24, 26, 28, 30, Gm. 13, Hdl. 42, Hm. 11; kváðu, people said, Vm. 33): the sing. maðr = Fr. on, mod. Dan. man (in Dan. man siger), is not vernacular.

3. in compds. kvenn-maðr, a woman; karl-maðr, a man: of families, Mýra-menn, Síðu-menn, Landn.: inhabitants, people, Norð-menn, Norsemen; Noregs-menn, the men of Norway; Athenu-menn, Athenians; Korintu-menn, Corinthians; of condition of life, leik-menn, laymen; kenni-menn, clergymen; búand-menn, peasants; valds-menn, rulers; kaup-menn, merchants; sjó-menn, seamen; vinnu-menn, labourers.

4. degree in a lineage: at þriðja, fjórða, fimta … manni, in the third, fourth, fifth … degree, Grág. i. 321; manni firnari en systrungr …, one degree remoter than …, used of odd degrees (e. g. four on one side and three on the other), ii. 172; hann var manni firr en systrungr Bárðar, he was an odd second cousin of B., Bárð. 165; hence tví-menningar, þrí-menningar, fjór-menningar …, a second, third, fourth … cousin, passim.

II. a man. Lat. vir; vér höfum þrjú skip ok hundruð manna á hverju, Fas. ii. 521; síðan fór hann til manna sinna, Fms. v. 514; greiða eyri gulls hverjum manni, 178; hann fór með of manns yfir landit, iv. 146; and so in countless instances: Sigurðar-menn, the followers of S.; Tuma-menn, konungs-menn, Krist-menn, kross-menn, vii. 293, 299, Ó. H. 216.

2. a husband; Guð er Kristinnar andar maðr er honum giptisk í trú, Greg. 31: freq. in mod. usage, maðrinn minn, my husband! dóttur-maðr, a son-in-law.

3. metaph., vera maðr fyrir e-u, to be man enough for it, able to do it; eg er ekki maðr fyrir því, maðr til þess, id.; hann sýndisk eigi maðr til at setjask í svá háleitt sæti, Bs. i. 743; mikill, lítill, maðr fyrir sér, to be a great, strong, weak man, and the like.

III. the Rune m, see introduction.

C. COMPDS, manns- and manna-: manns-aldr, m. a man’s life, generation, 623. 10, Fms. viii. 240, Fas. i. 406. manns-bani, a, m. ‘man’s bane,’ a man-slayer, Js. 49, Ni. 119. manns-barn, n. a ‘man’s bairn;’ in the phrase, hvert m., every child of man, Sturl. i. 47. manna-bein, n. pl. human bones, Fms. i. 230. manns-blóð, n. human blood, Nj. 59, Fms. iii. 125. manna-búkar, m. pl. corpses of slain, Fms. iii. 7, xi. 355. manna-bygð, f. human abodes, opp. to the wilderness, Fms. i. 215. manna-bær, m. dwelling-houses, Ann. 1390. manns-bætr, f. pl. weregild, Eg. 259. manns-efni, n. a man to be; gott-m. (see efni), Eg. 368, Fms. i. 174, Fær. 231. manna-farvegr, m. a foot-path, Gþl. 539. manns-fingr, m. a human finger. manna-forráð, n. ‘man-sway,’ rule, dominion; the godord or priesthood is often in the Laws and Sagas so called, Hrafn. 21, Nj. 149, Grág., Ísl. ii. 402, Fms. x. 45. manna-forræði, n. = mannaforráð, Nj. 231, Ld. 310. manns-fótr, m. a human foot, Hkr. ii. 114. manna-fundr, m. a meeting of men, Grág. i. 420. manns-fylgja, u, f., or manna-fylgjur, f. pl. fetches of men, Lv. 69, Fs. 68; see fylgja. manna-för, n. pl. men’s footprints, Eg. 578. manna-grein, f. distinction of men, Fms. viii. 21. manns-hauss, m. a human skull, Þorf. Karl. 242. manns-hár, n. human hair, Edda 4, Fas. iii. 266. manns-hold, n. human flesh, Fms. xi. 235. manna-hugir, m. pl., see hugr III. 2, Háv. 55, Þórð. 17 new Ed. manna-hús, n. pl. men’s houses, Fbr. 77: human abodes. manns-höfuð, manna-höfuð, m. (he human head, K. Á. 1, Fms. x. 280, Nj. 275. manns-hönd, f. a human hand, Fas. i. 66. manns-kona, u, f. a man’s wife, married woman, Grág. i. 335, 337, 341, 344, 380, Bs. i. 777, Sks. 340. manna-lát, n. the loss of men, loss of life, death, Nj. 248, Eg. 585, Orkn. 296. manns-lát, n. a person’s death, decease; heyra mannslát, to hear of a person’s death. manns-líf, n. man’s life, Hom. 6. manns-líki, n. human shape, Edda 9. manna-lof, n. praise of men, Hom. 83. manna-mál, n. human voices, human speech, Nj. 154; or manns-mál, id., in the phrase, það heyrist ekki mannsmál, no man’s voice can be heard, of a great noise. manna-missir, m. the loss of men, Sturl. iii. 7, Fas. ii. 552. manns-morð, n. murder, N. G. L. i. 256. manna-mót, n. = mannfundr, Grág. i. 343. manns-mót, n. manly mien, ‘manfulness,’ Fms. i. 149, xi. 86; þat er mannsmót að honum, he looks like a true man. manna-munr, m. distinction, difference of men, Bs. i. 855. manna-múgr, m. a crowd of people, Fær. 12. manns-mynd, f. the human shape, Stj. 147. manna-reið, f. (a body of) horsemen, Nj. 206. manna-samnaðr, m. = mannsafnaðr, Ísl. ii. 83. manna-seta, u, f. men staying in a place, Ld. 42. manna-skipan, f. the placing of people, as at a banquet, in battle, Korm. 62, Sturl. i. 20, ii. 237. manna-skipti, n. pl. exchange of men, Germ. auswechselung, Hkr. i. 8. manna-slóð, f. ‘man’s sleuth,’ a track of men, Sturl. i. 83. manna-spor, n. pl. men’s footprints. Sturl. ii. 90, Eg. 578, Landn. 191. manna-styrkr, m. help, Þórð. 74. manna-sættir, m. a daysman, peacemaker, Fms. x. 51, Eb. manna-taka, u, f. a reception of men, strangers, Fb. ii. 194. manna-tal, n. = manntal, Hkr. ii. 340. manns-váði, a, m. danger of life, Fms. viii. 224. manna-vegr, m. a road where men pass, opp. to a wilderness, Grett. 115 A, Ld. 328. manna-verk, n. pl. = mannvirki, man’s work, work by human hands, Fb. i. 541. manns-verk, n. work to be done by a person, N. G. L. i., 38, Gþl. 114. manna-vist, f. a human abode. Fms. i. 226, Jb. 9, Orkn. 434. manns-vit, n. ‘man’s wit,’ human understanding, reason, Nj. 106. manna-völd, n. pl.; in the phrase, e-t er af manna-völdum, it is due to human causes, not by natural causes, e. g. of a fire, the disappearance of a thing, or the like, Nj. 76, Fms. ii. 146, iii. 98. manns-vöxtr, m. a man’s stature, Fas. ii. 508, Hom. 112. manna-þengill, m. king of men, the name of Njörð, Gm. 16, Edda 104. manns-æði, n. human bearing, behaviour. manns-æfi, f. man’s lifetime; mart kann skipask á mannsæfinni, a saying, Fms. vii. 156; mart verðr á mannsætinni, útítt var þat þá er vér vórum ungir, Fær. 195.

(gen. matar, pl. matir), m. food, meat; hafa sér e-t at mat, to feed on (morgin-döggvar þan sér at mat hafa); pl. stores of food, provisions.

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m., gen. matar, dat. mat; with article matinum, Grág. i. 47 (mod. matnum); plur. matir; it is twice or thrice in Fb. spelt mát with a long vowel, with which cp. the rhyme máta uppsátr, Hallfred,—máta (gen. pl.) viggjar uppsátr = a pantry (the explanation given in Lex. Poët. and hence in Fs. 214, seems erroneous); for the long vowel cp. also Ormul. mete (not mette), Engl. meat: [Ulf. mats = βρωσις; A. S. mete; Engl. meat; O. H. G. maz; Swed. mat; Dan. mad]:—meat, food; matar ok váða er manni þörf, Hm. 3; matar góðr, ‘good of meat,’ hospitable, 38; bjóða e-m mat, Gm. 2; morgin-döggvar þau sér at mat hafa, Vþm. 45, Skm. 27; þá var matr fram settr, Fbr. 21 new Ed.; bera mat á borð, to put meat on the board, Nj. 50; þú skalt stela þaðan mat á tvá hesta, 74; bera mat í stofu, eptir þat setti hón borð ok bar þar á mat, … viljum vér víst gefa yðr mat … síðan gengu þeir undir borð ok signdu mat sinn, … átu gestir mat sinn, Eb. 266, 268; Gunnarr vissi slíks matar þar ekki ván, Nj. 75; þenna aptan enn sama mælti Bergþóra til hjóna sinna, nú skulu þér kjósa yðr mat í kveld, þvíat þenna aptan mun ek bera síðast mat fyri hjón mín …, þykki mér blóð eitt allt borðit ok matrinn, 197; hann var kallaðr hinn mildi ok inn matar-ílli, … hann svelti menn at mat, Fms. i. 1; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, x. 378; beiða matar, Grág. i. 47; þóat hinn haldi matinum, id.; þá stóð Glámr. upp snemma ok kallaði til matar síns, … vil ek hafa mat minn en engar refjar, Grett. 111; þar hefi ek mínum mat orðit fegnastr þá er ek náða honum, 126; et mat þinn, tröll, Fas. iii. 178, 179: allit., matr ok mungát, meat and drink, Fb. iii. 578. Fb. i. 563; hann átti fjölda barna, hafði hann varla mat í munn sér, he had hardly any meat in his mouth, he was well-nigh starved, Bs. i. 193; menn sá ek þá er móður höfðu, látið mat í munn, Sól.: eiga máiungi mat; mod. eiga ekki málungi matar, to have no food for one’s next meal, be very poor, Hm. 66: the saying, matr tr mannsins megin, ‘meat is man’s main;’ biðja sér matar hvert mál, 36; þurr matr, dry meat; þurr matr, þat er gras ok aldin, K. Þ. K. 78; hvítr matr, white meat = milk, cheese from the dairy, passim; elds matr, food for fire, fuel; spóna-matr, spoon-meat, opp. to át-matr = dry meat.

II. in plur. stores of food, provisions; tveggja mánaða mati, Gþl. 99; tveggja mánaða matir mjöls, N. G. L. i. 172; tólf mánaðar mati, 346, B. K. passim.

COMPDS: matarafgangr, matarafli, matarást, matarból, matarbúr, matarfýst, matarföng, matargörð, mataríllr, matarkaup, matarlauss, matarlyst, matarneyzla, matarskamtr, matarverð, matarverðr, matarvætt, mataræði.

(gen., dat. and acc. móður or mœðr; pl. mœðr), f. mother.

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f., gen. dat. acc. móður; plur. in nom. and acc. mæðr (mœðr), gen. mæðra, dat. mæðrum. There is also a monosyll. form mæðr, indecl. throughout in the sing., and answering to feðr, föðr or bræðr (= faðir, bróðir); but these forms are unknown in mod. Icel., and are seldom used in the genuine old writers, being mostly found in legendary writers, who probably followed some provincial Norwegianism; thus passim in Stjórn, af mæðr konungsins, Stj. 82; mæðrinnar kvið, 80: [this word is common to all Teut. languages except Goth., which used aiþei = Icel. eiða (q. v.) instead]:—a mother; sonr á at taka arf eptir föður sinn ok móður, Grág. i. 171; föður-móðir, a father’s mother, 172; faðir ok móðir, id., in countless instances: as a nickname, konunga-móðir, Jarla-m., Fb. iii: in popular tales, the mother of a whole brood (animals), skötu-m., sela-m., laxa-m., represented as an ogre, Maurer’s Volks. 34.

COMPDS: móðurafi, móðuramma, móðurarfr, móðurbrjóst, móðurbróðir, móðurfaðir, móðurfrændr, móðurhús, móðurkviðr, móðurkyn, móðurlauss, móðurleggr, móðurliga, móðurmjólk, móðurmóðir, móðursonr, móðursystir, móðurtunga, móðurætt.

(gen. sigrs), m. victory; hafa, fá, vinna s., to gain a victory; bera s. af e-m, vega (vinna, fá) s. á e-m, to defeat one; auðna mun ráða sigri, fortune will decide the victory; Magnús konungr réð þá sigri miklum, then king M. gained a great victory.

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m., the r is radical, gen. sigrs, dat. sigri, plur. not used; a gen. sing. sigrar occurs in sigrar-merki, Karl. 356, 365, 366; and sigrar-óp, 365, 368; sig without the r is used in poets and in pr. names: [Ulf. sigis = νικος; Hel. sigi; O. H. G. sigu; Germ. sieg; Dutch zege; all without the r; A. S. sige, but usually sigor (see Grein), answering to the double form sig and sigr in the Scandin.]

A. Victory; hafa, fá, vinna sigr, to win a victory; hann átti þar hina þriðju orrostu ok hafði sigr, Hkr. i. 80; Haraldr konungr fékk sigr, 79; bera sigr af öðrum, to gain the day, Ó. H. 109; ráða sigri, Fb. ii. 337; mun auðna ráða sigri, fate will decide the victory, Ó. H. 209, Nj. 43, Fms. v. 273, Hkr. iii. 400, Barl. 163, in countless instances; þar með hamingju at vega sigrinn, Hkr. i. 254, Al. 83; ráða sigri, Fb. ii. 428; drekka Óðins full til sigrs ok ríkis konungi sínum, Hkr. i. 140; gaf hann sumum sigr, 10; þá nótt ina sömu gekk Eirekr í hof Óðins ok gafsk honum til sigrs sér, ok kvað á tíu vetra frest síns dauða, Fb. ii. 72; fagna sigri, to rejoice over a victory gained, to triumph (but not in the technical Roman sense, which is not Teutonic); hrósa sigri, id.; sverði hælir þú þar en eigi sigri, Edda 89.

B. COMPDS: sigrauðigr, sigrbákn, sigrblástr, sigrblómi, sigrblót, sigrbyrr, sigrfórn, sigrför, sigrgjald, sigrgjöf, sigrgoð, sigrheimr, sigrhelgi, sigrhnoða, sigrkufl, sigrlauss, sigrleysi, sigrlúðr, sigrmark, sigrmál, sigrmerki, sigrminning, sigróp, sigrsamligr, sigrsteinn, sigrstrangligr, sigrsæli, sigrsæll, sigrvegari, sigrvegning, sigrverk, sigrvænligr, sigrþjóð, sigrör.

(gen. sakar, pl. sakar or sakir), f.

1) charge, the offence charged;

sönn sök, a true charge;

gera sakar á hendr sér, to incur charges;

gera sakir við e-n, to do offence or harm to one;

sannr at sök, proved (found) guilty;

gefa e-m (upp) sakir, to remit a charge;

gefa e-m sök (sakar) á e-u, gefa e-m e-t at sök, to make a charge against one;

fœrast undan sökum, to plead not guilty;

vera (bundinn) í sökum við e-n, to have done offence to one (konungr tók stór gjöld af bóndum þeim, er honum þóttu í sökum við sik);

2) suit, action, in court;

eiga sök á e-u, to have a ground for complaint;

ek á sjálfr sök á því, that is my own affair;

sækja e-n sökum, to prosecute one;

svæfa allar sakar, to settle all causes;

fara með sökina, to conduct the suit;

segja fram sök sína, to declare ones suit;

3) effect;

hafa ekki at sök, to effect nothing;

tók Þóroddr þá at vanda um kvámur hans, ok hafði ekki at sök, but to no effect;

4) cause, reason (þótti konungi sakir til, þótt hann hefði eigi komit);

fyrir hverja sök, for the sake of what, why?

fyrir þá (þessa) sök, for that reason, therefore;

af þeim sökum, from that cause (svá lauk þessu, at húsfreyja lézt af þeim sökum);

fyrir e-s sakir or sökum, for the sake of, because of;

fyrir ástar sakir, for love’s sake;

with respect to (skyldi boðit verða sem vegligast, bæði fyrir tilfanga sakir ok fjölmennis);

fyrir mínum sökum, for my sake, for my part;

um sakar þínar, for thy sake;

of time, um nokkurra nátta sakir, for a few nights;

of (um) stundar sakir, for a while;

um sinns sakir, for this once;

um nætr sakir, for one night;

sakir e-s, sökum e-s = fyrir sakir e-s, fyrir sökum e-s.

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f., gen. sakar, dat. sök, and older saku, which occurs on Runic stones; pl. sakar, later sakir; a gen. sing. söku or saku (from saka, u, f.) remains in the compds söku-dólgr, söku-nautr: [Ulf. sakjo = μάχη; A. S. sacu; Engl. sake; Germ. sache; Dan. sag; Swed. sak.]

A. A charge, then the offence charged, guilt, crime, like Lat. crimen; göra sakar á hendr sér, to incur charges, Ld. 44; sannr at sök, guilty, Nj. 87, Grág. i. 75; sök er sönn, a true charge, 294; sakar allar skulu liggja niðri meðal okkar, Grág. i. 362; svæfa sakar, Gm. 15; semr hann dóma ok sakar leggr, Vsp. 64; ef sakar görask þær skal fé bæta, Ísl. ii. 380; bæta sakir þær allar með fé er görzk höfðu í þeim málum, Eg. 98; nú er sagt hvaðan sakar görðusk, Hkv.; veiztú hverjar sakir ek á við konung þenna? … hann hefir drepit föður minn, Fas. ii. 532; þeim megin siglu er menn eigu síðr sakir við menn, Grág. ii. 137; gefa e-m upp sakir, to remit a charge, Ld. 44; or, gefa e-m sakir, id., Fms. x. 326; gefa e-m sök (sakar) á e-u, to make a charge against one, Landn. 145; gefa e-m e-t að sök, id., Fms. i. 37; bera sakar á e-n, to bring a charge against, Hkr. i. 168; eiga sakar við e-n, to have a charge against a person; færask undan sökum, to plead not guilty, Fms. xi. 251; verjask sök, id., Grág. i. 38; lúka sökum með sér, to settle the charges brought by one against the other, 361; líta á sakar úreiðr, Fms. i. 15; vera bundinn í sökum við e-n, to stand committed, Eg. 589, Fms. i. 61.

2. the offence charged; falla í sök, to fall into crime, Sks. 575; fyrir sakir ( for wrongs committed) skyldi niðr falla þriðjungr gjalda, Fms. ix. 227; dauða verðr fyrir sökina, Sks. 575 B; fyrir-gef oss várar sakar ( our trespasses), Hom. 158; fyrir hví var hann píndr, eða hvat sök görði hann? Bs. i. 9.

II. a law phrase, a plaint, suit, action in court; ef hann á sök at sækja, þá er …, Grág. i. 64; sakar-aðili, a plaintiff, Grág. passim; eiga sök í dómi, i. 74; sækjandi ok sakar verjandi, 17; á sá sök er …, he owns the case, i. e. is the right plaintiff, 38; fara með sök, to conduct a suit, 37, Nj. 86; færa fram sök, Grág. i. 83; segja fram sök, 39, 43, Nj. 36, 87, 110, 187; sök fyrnisk, is prescribed, Grág. i. 381; í salti liggr sök ef sækendr duga, see salt; göra tvær sakar ór vígi ok fram hlaupi, ii. 35; hafa sök at sækja, or, hafa sök at verja, i. 37, 76; hafa sök á hendi e-m, 75; hluta sakir, 74, 104; lýsa sakar, 19, Nj. 110; lýsa sök á hönd e-m, 18, 19, 110; selja e-m sök á hendr e-m, at þú mættir hvárki sækja þína sök né annarra, 99; sækja svá sök sína, Grág. i. 75; hafa sök at sækja, etc.; verja sök, 298; eiga sök á e-u, to have a suit against one, of the injured person; hvat hafðir þú til gört áðr?—þat er hann átti enga sök á, what hast thou done?—That for which he had no ground for complaint, i. e. which did not concern him, Nj. 130; eg á sjálfr sök á því, that is my own affair; dómar fara út til saka, the courts are sitting to hear the pleadings, 295; því at eins verðr sökin ( the action) við hann, ef …, 405; bjóða sök á þingi, N. G. L. i. 20; sökin Tyrfings, the case of T., Nj. 100, 101; þriggja þinga sök, a case lasting three sessions, Grág. i. 441, ii. 233; tólf aura, sex aura, merkr, þriggja marka sök, an action for three marks, N. G. L. i. 81, 82, Grág. i. 405, ii. 113; víg-sök, a case of manslaughter; fjörbaugs-sök, skóggangs-sök, a case, action of outlawry, passim; borgit málinu ok svá sökinni, the case and the suit, Nj. 36.

2. spec., persecution; sök eða vörn, Grág. i. 17, (rare, see sókn); at sökum öllum ok svá at vörnum, 104.

3. phrases; hafa ekki at sök, to no effect; hann kvað sér þó þungt, at nokkut mundi at sök hafa, Eb. 53 new Ed.; tók Þóroddr at vanda um kvámur hans, ok hafði ekki (not eigi) at sök, 50 new Ed.; ok hafði ekki vætta at sök, Fms. viii. 18; hann eggjar lið sitt ok hafði gott at sök, Flóv. 44.

III. a ‘sake,’ cause; eru fleiri vinda sakir, are there more causes of the winds? Rb. 440; þótti konungi sakir til þótt hann hefði eigi komit, Fms. xi. 13; hann skal segja hvat at sökum er, what is the reason, cause? Grág. i. 310; sú var sök til þess, at …, Fms. i. 153; brýnar sakar, Al. 7; fyrir hverja sök, for the sake of what? wherefore? Fms. i. 81; af sök nökkurar óvináttu, for the sake of, because of, Hom. 20.

2. adverbial phrases; fyrir sakar (sakir) e-s, for the sake of, because of; fyrir sakir orma, Al. 1; beztr kostr fyrir sakir frænda …, Glúm. 348; er þér þat sjálf-rátt fyrir sakir höfðing-skapar þíns, Nj. 266; fyrir tignar sakir várrar ok lands siðar, 6; fyrir styrks sakar ok megins, Eg. 107; fyrir úrækðar sakar, … fyrir veðrs sakar, K. Þ. K.; fyrir ástar sakir, Nj. 3: leaving out ‘fyrir,’ whereby sakar (acc.) becomes quite a preposition; sakir harma várra, Lv. 67; sakar refsingar ok ástar sakar við hina, Sks. 666 B; sakir þess at hann var ekki skáld, Fb. i. 215; sakir (þess) at hann var gamall, Fas. iii. 260: acc., fyrir þínar sakir, Nj. 140; fyrir várar sakir, Fms. vii. 190; um sakar e-s, id.; um konu sakar, Grág. ii. 62; of óra sök, Skv. 3. 49: temp., um nökkorra nátta sakir, for a few nights, Fms. i. 213; of stundar sakir, for a while, Nj. 139, Al. 99, Fms. xi. 107; um viku sakir, a week’s respite, Eg.; um hríðar sakar, a while, Mar., Al. 83; gefa mat um máls sakir, for one meal, Vm. 16; um sinn sakir, for this once, Ld. 184, 196, 310, Þórð. 36 new Ed.:—dat. plur. sökum, placed after a genitive, in which case even indeclinable fem. nouns for the sake of euphony assume a final s; af hennar sökum, for her sake, Ver. 44; af frændsemis sökum, Grág. ii. 72; af hræsnis sökum, Hom. 23; at sinn sakum, for this once, Sks. 483 B; fyrir þeim sökum, on that account, Grág. i. 48; fyrir veðrs sökum, K. Þ. K.; fyrir aldrs sökum, for old sake, Fms. xi. 50; fyrir veilendi sökum, Grág. i. 41; fyrir fáfræðis sökum ok úgá, Bs. i. 137; fyrir mínum sökum, for my sake, Þorst. St. 54; at hann mundi eigi mega vera einn konungr fyrir Áka sökum, Fms. xi. 46; sökum snjóvar, Lv. 25; fylgir þar enn sökum þess því goðorði alþingis-helgun, Landn. 336 (Append.), and passim.

B. COMPDS: sakaraðili, sakaráberi, sakabætr, sakadólgr, sakareyrir, sakarferli, sakafullr, sakargipt, sakalauss, sakamaðr, sakarspell, sakarstaðr, sakartaka, sakartökuváttr, sakartökuvætti, sakarvandræði, sakarvörn.

(gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik; pl. þér or ér, gen. yðar, dat. and acc. yðr), thou.

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gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik, a pers. pron.; also spelt ðú, see the introduction, p. 729; for þik, also freq. þek in Norse vellums, mod. þig, see Gramm. p. xxi: [Goth. þû, þeina, þus, þuk; A. S. þû; Engl. thou; Germ., Dan., and Swed. dû; Lat. tu; Gr. τύ.]

A. Thou, passim:

I. after verbs, either separated, as skalt þú, munt þú, or more usually suffixed and changing into -ðu, -du, -tu, or -u, e. g. mun-du, skal-du, vil-du, later skal-tu, mun-tu, vil-tu; ver-tu, ves-tu, Post. 229; drep-ðu, 228; eig-ðu, seg-ðu, lát-tu, lít-tu, eig-du, mæl-þú, lát-þú, Gkv. 2. 23; lít-tu, 8; át-tu, 10; skal-tu, 30; hirða-ðu, 28; er-þú, Fms. vi. 226; var-t-at-tu, wast-not-thou? mon-t-at-u; segja-t-tu, say-not-thou, and so passim [cp. Old Engl. wiltow etc. = wilt thou]: as to quantity, the u is at present sounded sometimes long, vil-tú, eig-ðú, lát-tú, or more usually short, låt-tu, eig-ðu, etc., and in common running speech dropped as in Engl., e.g, bidd-’ann-a-koma, beg him to come; kond-inn, come in.

II. suffixed to other words; heil-du, heal thou! Clem. 131; at-tú = at-þú, that thou, see ‘at;’ þót-tú = þó at-þú, though that thou, passim; þatz-tu = þat-es-þú.

B. Plur. þér, or older ér, yðar, yðr, qq. v., passim.

II. in addressing, you; ek vil beiðask, herra, at þér gefit mér orlof, Nj. 10; eru þér sjúkir Herra, Fms. vi. 226, Sturl. iii. 261, passim; or þú and þér are mixed in the same address, hvat ætli þér, herra, … þvíat þér sögðuð oss, … seg nú ef þat er …, ok hafir þú af þínu tilstilli …, at þú talir við hann …, Fms. vi. 71.

(gen. -ar), m.

1) comparison;

2) equal share (en þaðan af höfum vit jafnað báðir); at jafnaði, in equal proportions (skipta e-u at jafnaði); usually, as a rule (= með jafnaði);

3) equity, fairness.

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m. and jöfnuðr, gen. ar, [Ulf. ibnassus = ισότης], an equal share; en þaðan af höfum vit jafnað af báðir, Hrafn, 17; slíkt sem honum sýndisk jöfnuðr milli þeirra, Fms. xi. 87; skyldi fimm tigir hundraða í jafnað Sigríðar, Dipl. v. 3; í jafnað við þat góz, sem …, id.; at jafnaði, in equal proportion; eiga e-t at jafnaði, Grág. ii. 72; skipta e-u at jafnaði, i. 442, Fms. xi. 401, Fb. ii. 55, 256: in temp. sense, usually, ekki að jafnaði, Fas. iii. 226, Mar.; með jafnaði, id., Mar.

2. the dat. plur. jafnöðum (in mod. pronunciation jafnóðum) is used in adv. sense; hann mæðir sik í föstum ok vökum ok á bænum at liggja, ok jafnöðum svá talandi, Th. 7: in mod. usage, bit by bit, one by one, each in its turn …, eg vil spyrja þá jafnóðum ok þeir koma, I will ask them one by one as they come in; as also jafnótt, see jafn B.

II. metaph. equity, fairness, justice, Karl. 554, freq. esp. in mod. usage.

COMPDS: jafnaðarboð, jafnaðardómr, jafnaðareiðr, jafnaðarfundr, jafnaðargeð, jafnaðargjöf, jafnaðarhlutskipti, jafnaðarhönd, jafnaðarkaup, jafnaðarleiga, jafnaðarmaðr, jafnaðarmáli, jafnaðarsamr, jafnaðarskipti, jafnaðarþokki.

(gen. -ar), m. veto, interdict; verja e-t lýriti, to put a veto on, forbid by law.

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m., or better lýritr or lýrittr, gen. lyritar (but lyrits, Grág. ii. 233), dat. lyriti, plur. lyritar. N. G. L. ii. 94, Jb. 193; the quantity cannot be ascertained because the vellums do not distinguish between long and short vowels; it is spelt with one t throughout the Grág. (Kb.); the alliterative phrase lagalyritr, as also the invariable spelling in the Grágás, shew that the word had no initial h. Former attempts at an etymology, from læ and rifta (Björn á Skarðsá), hlýrar and réttir (Pal Vídal.), lygi and rift (Fritzner), must be dismissed; tiie spelling lyriftar, which once or twice occurs in Norse MSS. of the 14th century (N. G. L. i. 394, ii. 94, v. l. 19), is probably a mere corruption. Lyritr is a compd word from lög, law, and rör or reyr, a landmark, which word in the old Swed. law exactly answers to lyrit in the Norse law; lyrit is thus qs. lý-ryr-ti, by assimilation and by weakening the y into i, lyritti; the t being inflexive: its literal sense, therefore, is a lawful rör or landmark. In Sweden there were often five mark-stones, but it is added (Schlyter iii. s. v. rör)—fiuri stenar oc þri stenar mughu rör heta = four stones and even three stones may be called rör, i. e. make a ‘law-rör,’ a lawful landmark, a lyrit; this, we believe, is the etymology of this much-contested word. About the gender (masc., not fem.) there can be no doubt, from the numerous instances in the Grágás; but in the 13th century the word began to become neuter, thus we have lyritit, Grág. (Kb.) i. 103, lines 14 and 21, but lyritinn several times in the same page: nom. lyriti in Grág. (Sb.) ii. 226; and elalausu lyriti, Nj. passim.

B. SENSE:

I. prop. when the boundary of a field or estate was to be drawn, the law prescribed that a mark-stone (mark-steinn) should be raised on the spot, and three other stones laid beside it; these three stones were called landmark-stones (lyrit-steinar or lyritar); by their number and position they were distinguished from all other stones in the field, see N. G. L. ii. 94, cp. note 19 (Jb. 193).

II. metaph. in the Icel. law, a full title of possession, lawful claim to right or property; thus defined by Konrad Maurer—‘Lyrit bedeutet in der Grágás und in den ältern Sagas, das volle Eigentums-recht, oder auch den Bann, der dem Grunde gentümer zum Schutze seines Eigentumes, dem Goden aber Kraft seiner Amtsgewalt zusteht:’

1. the earliest kind was probably the land-lyrit or ‘land-ban;’ this law term was originally borrowed from the mark-stones themselves, and then came to mean a full title to land, field, pasture, or estate, Grág. ii. 224, 225:—eignar-lyritr, full lawful possession, a legal title of ownership; hafa eignar-lyrit fyrir landi, 204, 222.

2. a veto; Goða-lyritr, the veto of a Goði ( Priest), forbidding the court or neighbours to deliver a sentence or verdict in a case, and thus quashing the suit. A Goði alone, by virtue of his office, was entitled to stop a court in this way, whether personally or by one of his liegemen, so that if any one else wished thus to stop a suit, he had first to go to his liegelord (Goði) and be authorised by him to do so; cp. the phrases, taka lyrit af Goða, selja lyrit, ef Goði færir lyrit sinn sjálfr fram, and similar law phrases, Grág. i. 109–111, cp. esp. Þ. Þ. ch. 38; neglect of this was contempt of court, punishable by the lesser outlawry. The word lyritr occurs at every step in the Grágás, esp. in the phrase, verja lyriti, or verja e-t lyriti, to defend through a lyrit, i. e. to put under veto, to vindicate one’s right, forbid, or the like; eigi varðar hagabeit, nema lyriti sé varið, Grág. ii. 224; verja lyriti haga, 225; þótt maðr veri fleirum lyriti (dat.), 226, Nj.; láta lyrit koma fyrir sök, to stop on a case, Grág. i. 109; kaupa land lagn kaupi ok lyritar, to buy land by a lawful bargain and with full tide of possession, ii. 213; eptir þat nefndi Þorkéll sér vátta, ok setti (varði?) þeim lyriti, ok fyrirbauð þeim at dæma, Lv. 31; ok er únýt stefna hans eðr lyriti (lyritr?), Grág. ii. 226; hann (the Goði) skal nefna sér vátta, áðr hann færi lyrit fram, í þat vætti, at ek ver lyriti, goða-lyriti, löglyriti fullum dómendum at dæma um sök þá … enda skal hann svá verja kviðmönnum lyriti, at bera kviðu um hann, i. 111; ek ver lyriti mínum, löglyriti dómendum at dæma, id.; færa lyrit sinn fram, to utter one’s veto, id.; fara með land-lyriti, ii. 225.

COMPDS: lyritareiðr, lyritarvarzla, lyritarvörn.

(gen. pl. menja), n. necklace (hann batt menit á háls sér); fig. in pl., treasures, jewels (fjöld á ek menja).

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n., gen. pl. menja, dat. menjum; [A. S. mene; Hel. meni; cp. O. H. G. mani-kold = necklace-gold, as also the name of a plant, hence perhaps Engl. marigold; Lat. monile]:—a necklace, Þkv. 13; hringa ok men, Vsp. 23; móður menjum göfga, Hdl. 13; hlaðin háls-menjum, Am. 44, Yngl. S. ch. 17, 22:—they were also worn by men, hann lézk vilja færa þeim men er Björn hafði haft á sér, Bjarn. 67, Vápn. 26, 28: metaph. in plur. treasures, jewels, Þkv. 23, Fm. 16, Akv. 26:—poët. phrases, men jarðar, earth’s necklace = the sea, Orkn. (in a verse); men Karmtar, island necklace = the sea; lyngva men, necklace of the bush = a serpent; men storðar, the earth’s men = the world serpent, the Miðgards-orm, Lex. Poët.: as necklaces were chiefly worn by ladies, a woman is called mens Syn, the fairy of the necklace, Edda (in a verse): Men-glöð, the ‘necklace-glad,’ is the name of a fairy woman, Fb. i. 529, Fsm.: as also men-brekka, -brík, -döll, -gefn, -grund, -gunnr, -hlín -reið, -skögul, -skorð, = a lady; on the other hand, a man is called men-broti, -brjótr, -fergir, -myrðir, -rýrir, -stríðir, -vörðr, -þverrir, = the giver, breaker etc. of treasures, Lex. Poët.